https://www.healthyplace.com/bipolar-disorder/articles/brain-damage-from-bipolar-disorder
Excerpt:
There is always the possibility that the meds are responsible. One long-term study found lithium
users (one-third who had a university degree) to be in the low average
range on functions of attention and memory. Nevertheless, the authors
believe that while medication may cause some degree of cognitive
slowing, our pills are not the main culprit.
Bearden
et al's review of what could be wrong with the brain reads like a
neurologist's laundry list from hell: ventricular enlargements, cortical
atrophy, cerebellar vermal atrophy, white matter hypertensities
(especially in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia structures), greater
left temporal lobe volume, increased amygdala volume, enlarged right
hippocampal volume, hypoplasmia of the medial temporal lobe, and more.
Then there's the matter of those chemical imbalances, such as glucose
metabolism and phospholipid metabolism.
Say all that in rap time
and you have the sound of our brains breaking down, no longer capable of
processing information the way it is supposed to. It is possible that
these studies did not adequately account for the normal aging process,
as Dr Bearden was ready to acknowledge to this writer, but she also
added that it is "likely that there is an interaction between the
disease process and normal aging processes, such that people affected
with bipolar illness are somehow more vulnerable to the effects of
aging."